| Term | Definition | |------|------------| | Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) | An international organization that aims to build better policies for better lives by fostering prosperity and opportunity through evidence-based international standards and solutions to social, economic, and environmental challenges. | | Organization for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) | The predecessor to the OECD, established in 1948 to coordinate Marshall Plan aid in post-war capitalist Europe. | | Marshall Plan | A US initiative providing financial aid for the economic recovery of Western Europe after World War II. | | Soft power | The ability to influence others through attraction and persuasion rather than coercion or payment. | | Knowledge hub | A central repository and source of information, data, and expertise that facilitates learning and dissemination of best practices. | | Standard setting | The process by which an organization establishes norms, guidelines, or requirements that are intended to be adopted or followed by its members or other relevant parties. | | Hard law | Legally binding international agreements, such as treaties, that create obligations for states that ratify them. | | Soft law | Non-binding agreements, such as recommendations and guidelines, that do not create legal obligations but can influence behavior and policy. | | Technocracy | A system of governance where decision-makers are selected based on their technical expertise and knowledge, often emphasizing data and scientific principles. | | Consensus building | The process of reaching a general agreement among a group of people or entities through discussion and negotiation. | | Transnational government networks | Networks where officials from national governments collaborate with international organization staff to address international issues, potentially forming relatively autonomous communities of practice. | | Peer pressure | An indirect form of influence exerted by individuals or groups on others to conform to certain norms, standards, or behaviors. | | Peer review | A systematic evaluation of a country's policies or performance by other member states or experts, often conducted within international organizations to stimulate improvement. | | Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) | An intergovernmental agency that shares and disseminates knowledge on nuclear energy, supporting member states and developing consensus policy positions. | | International Energy Agency (IEA) | An agency established to ensure energy security, particularly for oil-importing countries, and has expanded its scope to cover all aspects of energy. | | Financial Action Task Force (FATF) | An intergovernmental organization that sets standards and monitors compliance on anti-money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism. | | Multilateral Agreement on Investment (MAI) | A proposed but ultimately shelved OECD treaty intended to govern foreign direct investment by emphasizing the rights of multinational companies and limiting host state practices. | | Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) | An investment made by a company or individual in one country into business interests located in another country. | | Alter-globalization movement | A social movement advocating for a more democratic, just, and ecologically sustainable form of globalization, often critical of institutions like the OECD and its proposed agreements. | | OECD acquis | The body of OECD agreements, standards, and principles that candidate countries must subscribe to or comply with to be considered for membership. | | Global Forums | Platforms established by the OECD to convene government officials and non-state actors from member and non-member countries to discuss and address common global issues. | | Aid Effectiveness | A concept and initiative focused on improving the impact and efficiency of development assistance, involving dialogue between donors and recipient countries. | | Base Erosion and Profit Shifting (BEPS) | A set of tax rules developed by the OECD and G20 to prevent companies from shifting profits to low-tax locations to avoid taxation. | | G20 | A forum for international economic cooperation among 19 major advanced industrialized and emerging economies, plus the EU and African Union. | | Geopolitics | The study of the influence of geography on international politics and relations between states. |