03 - urban mobility.pptx

# Understanding urban mobility and its evolution This topic delves into the foundational concepts of urban mobility, distinguishing between transportation and mobility, and examining the influence of new technologies and global shifts on travel patterns and decision-making processes. ## 1. Understanding urban mobility and its evolution Urban mobility is a complex area, and it is crucial to understand its nuances to effectively plan for the future. The rapid evolution of technology and global trends significantly impacts how people and goods move within urban environments. ### 1.1 Defining transport and mobility A key distinction in urban mobility is between **transport** and **mobility**. * **Transport** refers to the movement of vehicles. It focuses on the efficiency, design, and functionality of the modes of transport themselves. * **Mobility**, on the other hand, encompasses the movement of people and goods. This perspective is broader, focusing on the traveler and their journey, irrespective of the specific mode of transport used. The goal is to facilitate the movement of individuals and their needs. > **Tip:** Understanding this distinction is vital. Focusing solely on transport infrastructure might not address the actual mobility needs of citizens, which involve seamless movement and accessibility across various modes. ### 1.2 The evolving landscape of urban travel New technologies and evolving global trends are fundamentally changing how individuals make travel decisions and their overall travel habits. * **Ubiquitous communication networks:** Travelers are increasingly informed through constant access to data, enabling more informed decision-making. * **Shift from intuition to knowledge-based decisions:** Travel choices are moving from gut feelings to decisions based on a comprehensive understanding of surrounding conditions, available options, and real-time information. * **Impact of new technologies:** Robotics and artificial intelligence are poised to influence not only the labor market but also the way people and goods move. Questions arise about remote work, leisure time, and how these advancements will reshape travel patterns. * **Global migration:** Evolving global migration patterns also present challenges and opportunities for urban mobility planning. ### 1.3 Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs) are emerging as the primary strategic tools for planning sustainable mobility in urban areas, particularly in Europe. #### 1.3.1 Purpose and scope of SUMPs A SUMP is a strategic document designed to meet the mobility needs of people and businesses within and around cities. Its core objectives include: * Improving the quality of life. * Ensuring the availability of transport. * Minimizing negative impacts on health, society (congestion, space constraints), and the environment (noise, pollution). > **Tip:** SUMPs are increasingly being mandated for cities above a certain population threshold, highlighting their importance in modern urban planning. #### 1.3.2 Key principles of SUMPs SUMPs are guided by several overarching principles: * **Sustainability:** Commitment to sustainability integrated throughout the entire planning document. * **Integration:** * Integration of all transport modes, including freight, with a particular emphasis on public transport, cycling, and pedestrian movement. * Integration of territorial (spatial) and transport planning. * Intersectoral integration, ensuring alignment with other sectoral activities such as energy, environmental protection, spatial planning, economic activities, and urban development. * **Coherence:** Ensuring proposed measures reinforce each other to achieve higher objectives, including non-transport related goals. * **Stakeholder involvement:** Continuous engagement with all stakeholders, especially the public. * **Monitoring and evaluation:** Continuous monitoring and assessment of implemented measures and their impacts. * **Sustainable financing:** Ensuring long-term financial viability for the plan's implementation and maintenance. #### 1.3.3 Added value of SUMPs Compared to previous transport planning documents, SUMPs offer significant advantages: * **Orientation towards higher objectives:** Planning shifts from merely meeting transport needs to contributing to the overall quality of life in the city. This involves a new hierarchy of planning, moving from vision to concrete actions. * **Long-term monitoring and evaluation:** Formalizes the long-term monitoring and quantitative assessment of the impacts of investments and transport measures. * **Emphasis on process and participation:** Stresses the importance of involving all key actors and citizens in the SUMP process to foster acceptance and ownership. * **Focus on implementation and behavior change:** Recognizes that the crucial phase is not just writing the document but its implementation and monitoring of achieved objectives. This includes encouraging a shift in transport behavior towards sustainable modes. * **"Soft tools" for change:** Acknowledges the significance of communication and public engagement strategies to ensure positive citizen acceptance of necessary changes. * **Scenario-based analysis and integrated measures:** Proposals are grounded in analyses and models of potential mobility scenarios and measure impacts. Proposed measures are grouped into coherent sets to amplify positive effects and achieve planned objectives through synergical effects. #### 1.3.4 SUMP implementation goals The primary goals of SUMP implementation include: * Improving the overall quality of life. * Reducing the reliance on individual motor transport and motorized transport in general by promoting sustainable alternatives. * Decreasing the volume of additional daily journeys made by individual motor transport. * Decoupling economic growth from transport volume, particularly concerning infrastructure requirements and performance. * Reducing the environmental impacts of transport by enhancing journey efficiency and promoting environmentally friendly systems like public transport, walking, cycling, clean vehicles, and alternative energies. * Minimizing the negative health impacts associated with transport. * Ensuring transport accessibility for all citizens, including individuals with reduced mobility. * Improving the integration of transport planning with related sectors, such as spatial planning, environmental and energy policies, health, education, and social issues. #### 1.3.5 Managing SUMP creation and implementation Effective management of SUMP creation and implementation involves several key roles and structures: * **SUMP Preparation Coordinator:** Oversees the entire SUMP preparation process, typically a responsible official or department. * **Steering Group:** Leads the SUMP process, composed of elected representatives, the SUMP processor, coordinator, relevant city/region departments, and key stakeholders like transport operators. * **Working Groups:** Address specific transport modes and thematic areas (e.g., pedestrian, cycling, public transport, freight, environment) and cross-cutting transport issues (infrastructure, intermodality, mobility management, safety). Membership includes the SUMP coordinator, relevant department representatives, city district representatives, users, and interest groups. * **Implementation Team/Processor:** Responsible for data collection, analysis, creating decision-making documents, and developing transport models. Includes a processor, communication specialist, and SUMP coordinator. * **Public/City Inhabitants:** Contribute suggestions during preparation and can be involved in Working Groups. This includes interest groups, associations, district representatives, and the general public. * **Independent professional and methodological supervision (optional):** Monitors the quality of the SUMP preparation process and data. This can be provided by research institutions, academic bodies, or consulting firms. * **City Board/Council:** Approves partial SUMP outputs and makes decisions on major issues. * **Regional and neighboring municipalities:** Involved through Steering Groups or Working Groups based on their needs. > **Example:** A city might establish a "Cycling Working Group" to gather input on improving bike lane infrastructure, safety concerns for cyclists, and integration with public transport hubs. This group would include representatives from cycling advocacy groups, city planning departments, and potentially experienced cyclists. ### 1.4 The future of urban mobility The future of urban mobility is being shaped by technological advancements and a growing emphasis on sustainability and quality of life. Concepts like smart cities, intelligent transport systems, and the integration of various mobility services are at the forefront of this evolution. This includes exploring how autonomous vehicles, shared mobility platforms, and advanced data analytics will further transform urban travel. --- # Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMP) framework and principles The Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) is a strategic planning instrument designed to facilitate sustainable mobility in urban areas by addressing the needs of people and businesses to enhance quality of life. ### 2.1 The SUMP as a strategic planning tool #### 2.1.1 Definition and mission A SUMP is a strategic document that aims to meet the mobility needs of people and businesses within and around cities. Its core mission is to improve the quality of life by ensuring transport availability while minimizing negative impacts on health, society (congestion and space), and the environment (noise and pollution). It seeks to create conditions that encourage the use of multiple transportation modes and leverage information technology to enhance urban living standards. #### 2.1.2 SUMP's role and scope Since 2020, SUMPs are intended to be the primary strategic tool for sustainable mobility planning in urban areas, as envisioned by the European Commission. In the Czech Republic, documents of this nature are expected to be processed by cities with populations exceeding 40,000 inhabitants. A SUMP addresses not only transport issues but also influences how urban mobility is satisfied and is integrated within broader Smart City initiatives. #### 2.1.3 Added value compared to previous planning documents SUMPs offer significant advancements over previous transport planning approaches: * **Orientation towards higher objectives:** The focus shifts from merely meeting transport demand to actively contributing to the overall quality of life in the city. This introduces a new planning hierarchy, progressing from a vision to actionable strategies. * **Long-term monitoring and evaluation:** SUMPs emphasize continuous, quantitative evaluation of the impacts of investments and transport measures as a standard practice. * **Process-oriented approach:** Significant importance is placed on the process itself, ensuring the needs of all key stakeholders are considered and that citizens are actively involved to foster broader acceptance. * **Implementation and monitoring focus:** The SUMP process extends beyond the creation of the document to its effective implementation and the monitoring of objective achievement. This often involves influencing behavioral changes towards sustainable transport modes among the population and organizations. * **Integration of "soft tools":** Alongside infrastructure development, "soft tools" like effective communication strategies are crucial for explaining necessary changes and gaining public support. * **Evidence-based and integrated measures:** All proposed measures within a SUMP are grounded in analyses and models that explore potential mobility development scenarios and the impact of planned interventions. Proposed measures are then grouped into coherent sets that reinforce each other's positive effects to achieve planned objectives, leveraging synergical effects. ### 2.2 SUMP implementation goals The primary goals for implementing a SUMP include: * **Improving the quality of life:** This is the overarching objective. * **Reducing individual and overall motor transport:** Encouraging a shift towards sustainable transport modes is a key aim. * **Reducing additional daily journeys by individual motor transport:** Aiming to decrease reliance on private vehicles for routine travel. * **Decoupling economic growth from transport volume:** Reducing the relationship between economic development and increased demand for transport infrastructure and performance. * **Reducing environmental impacts:** Enhancing the efficiency of all journeys and promoting an environmentally friendly transport system through the promotion of sustainable modes like public transport, walking, and cycling, as well as clean vehicles and alternative energy sources. * **Reducing negative health impacts of transport.** * **Ensuring transport accessibility for all citizens:** Including individuals with reduced mobility. * **Improving integration:** Fostering better integration between transport planning and related sectors such as spatial planning, environmental and energy issues, health, education, and social matters. ### 2.3 SUMP implementation principles The core principles guiding the implementation of a SUMP are: * **Commitment to sustainability:** Ensuring sustainability is embedded throughout the entire document and its implementation. * **Integration of all transport modes:** This includes freight transport, with a particular emphasis on public transport, cycling, and pedestrian transport. It also encompasses territorial integration (linking transport with land use planning) and intersectoral integration (alignment with other sectoral activities like energy, environmental protection, spatial planning, economic activities, and urban development). * **Coherence of measures:** Ensuring proposed measures are cross-cutting and reinforce each other to achieve higher, non-transport-related objectives. * **Continuous stakeholder involvement:** Prioritizing the ongoing engagement of all stakeholders, especially the public. * **Continuous monitoring and evaluation:** Implementing ongoing processes to track progress and assess impacts. * **Ensuring sustainable financing:** Securing adequate and consistent financial resources for both the development and maintenance of the transport system and the implementation of the plan. > **Tip:** Sustainable financing is not just about the initial capital for infrastructure but also about allocating resources for ongoing maintenance and operational costs to ensure the long-term success of the SUMP. ### 2.4 Managing SUMP creation and implementation Effective management of the SUMP process involves several key roles and bodies: #### 2.4.1 SUMP Preparation Coordinator * **Role:** Coordinates the entire SUMP preparation process. * **Composition:** This can be a designated responsible official for SUMP preparation, a specific department, or a leading politician. #### 2.4.2 Steering Group * **Role:** Leads the SUMP process and makes key decisions. * **Composition:** Typically includes elected city representatives responsible for SUMP, the SUMP processor, the SUMP coordinator, relevant city office departments, and representatives of main stakeholders like transport operators. #### 2.4.3 Working Groups * **Role:** Develop requirements for different transport modes and thematic areas, and address cross-cutting transport issues. * **Composition:** The composition varies based on local conditions but generally includes the SUMP coordinator, representatives from relevant city/region departments, road maintenance authorities, city districts, user groups, and interest associations. Thematic areas can cover pedestrian and cycling infrastructure, public transport, traffic calming, freight transport, environmental considerations, intermodality, mobility management, and safety. #### 2.4.4 Implementation Team/Processor * **Role:** Gathers data, conducts analyses, develops decision-making documents, and creates transport models. * **Composition:** Includes the processor, a communication specialist, and the SUMP coordinator. #### 2.4.5 Public/City Inhabitants * **Role:** Contribute suggestions during the preparation phase and can be involved in Working Groups. * **Composition:** Includes interest groups, associations, district representatives, activist groups, and the general public. #### 2.4.6 Independent professional and methodological supervision (Optional) * **Role:** Monitors the quality of the SUMP preparation concerning process and data, and provides support to the Coordinator and Steering Group. * **Provider:** Can be an independent research institution, academic sphere, or a consulting company. #### 2.4.7 City Board/Council * **Role:** Approves partial SUMP outputs and makes decisions on significant issues. #### 2.4.8 Regional and Neighboring Municipalities * **Role:** Involved in the Steering Group or Working Groups as needed. > **Example:** A city might establish a working group focused on cycling mobility, comprising city planners, cycling advocacy groups, and representatives from local cycling businesses, to develop specific recommendations for new bike lanes and secure bike parking as part of the SUMP. --- # Managing the creation and implementation of SUMPs This section details the organizational structures and processes involved in developing and enacting Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans (SUMPs), emphasizing the roles of various actors and the importance of integration and participation. ### 3.1 The role of the SUMP coordinator The SUMP preparation coordinator is a pivotal figure responsible for overseeing and guiding the entire SUMP preparation process. This role typically encompasses a dedicated official tasked with SUMP preparation, a specific department designated for this purpose, or a key political representative. Their primary function is to ensure the smooth progression of the planning stages and the coordination of all involved parties. ### 3.2 The steering group The steering group plays a leadership role in the SUMP process. Its composition generally includes elected city representatives who are accountable for SUMP development, the SUMP processor (the entity or individual carrying out the technical work), the SUMP coordinator, representatives from relevant city departments, and potentially representatives from key stakeholders such as transport operators. This group guides the strategic direction and decision-making throughout the planning lifecycle. ### 3.3 Working groups Working groups are established to address specific modes of transport and related thematic areas, as well as cross-cutting issues. These groups can focus on: * Pedestrian transport * Cycling transport * Public transport * Calm transport (e.g., traffic calming measures) * Freight transport * Environmental considerations related to transport * Transport infrastructure development * Intermodality (integration of different transport modes) * Mobility management strategies * Safety and traffic calming initiatives The exact composition of these working groups is determined by the unique conditions and requirements of the territory for which the SUMP is being prepared. Recommended members often include the SUMP coordinator, representatives from relevant city (or regional/state road maintenance) departments, representatives from city districts, and representatives from user groups, interest groups, and associations. ### 3.4 Implementation team and processor The implementation team, or processor, is responsible for the technical execution of the SUMP. This involves collecting necessary data, conducting analyses, developing decision-making documents, and often creating transport models. Key ingredients for this team typically include the processor, a communication specialist, and the SUMP coordinator. ### 3.5 Public and stakeholder involvement The public, encompassing city inhabitants and various interest groups, plays a crucial role throughout the SUMP process. They contribute suggestions during the preparation phase and can be actively involved in working groups. This includes: * Interest groups and associations * Representatives of city districts * Activist groups * The broader public This continuous engagement ensures that the SUMP reflects the needs and perspectives of those it aims to serve. ### 3.6 Oversight and approval bodies * **Independent professional and methodological supervision (optional):** This function, which can be provided by an independent research institution, academic sphere, or consulting company, monitors the quality of the SUMP preparation from both a process and data integrity standpoint. It offers assistance to the Coordinator and the Steering Group. * **City Board/Council:** This body is responsible for approving partial outputs of the SUMP and making decisions on major issues that arise during the planning process. * **Regional and neighboring municipalities:** These entities are involved in the Steering Group or Working Groups as per their specific needs and interests, ensuring coordination across administrative boundaries. > **Tip:** Effective SUMP creation and implementation rely on a clear definition of roles and responsibilities for all involved actors, from the coordinator and steering group to the working groups and the public. Strong communication and collaboration are essential for success. > **Example:** A city might establish a "Cycling Working Group" composed of city planners, cycling advocacy groups, and resident representatives to develop specific recommendations for improving bicycle infrastructure and promoting cycling as a viable transport mode. The Steering Group would then review and approve these recommendations as part of the broader SUMP. --- ## Common mistakes to avoid - Review all topics thoroughly before exams - Pay attention to formulas and key definitions - Practice with examples provided in each section - Don't memorize without understanding the underlying concepts

| Term | Definition | |------|------------| | Urban Mobility | The movement of people and goods within urban areas, encompassing various modes of transport and the planning that facilitates this movement. | | Transportation | The movement of vehicles, focusing on the efficiency and usability of specific transport modes like trains or buses. | | Mobility | The movement of people and goods, focusing on the individual's journey and how they navigate an environment, irrespective of the specific transport mode used. | | Sustainable Urban Mobility Framework (SUMF) | A conceptual approach or set of guidelines aimed at promoting environmentally friendly and efficient movement within cities. | | Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan (SUMP) | A strategic planning document designed to address the mobility needs of people and businesses in and around cities, aiming to improve quality of life while considering integration, participation, and evaluation. | | Integration (in SUMP) | The principle of creating conditions for people to use multiple transportation modes and ensuring that transport planning is aligned with other related sectors like spatial planning and environmental policies. | | Participation (in SUMP) | The process of involving all key actors and citizens in the development and implementation of urban mobility plans to ensure their needs and perspectives are considered. | | Evaluation (in SUMP) | The ongoing monitoring and quantitative assessment of the impact of investments and transport measures to ensure objectives are being met and to inform future planning. | | Congestion | The condition of traffic density and slow movement of vehicles, often leading to delays and increased travel times in urban areas. | | Intermodality | The use of two or more different modes of transport in a single journey, facilitated by seamless connections and integrated services. | | Freight Transport | The movement of goods and commodities, which is an essential component of urban logistics and needs to be integrated into overall mobility planning. | | Soft Tools (in SUMP) | Non-infrastructure related measures, such as communication, education, and behavioral change initiatives, used to promote sustainable transport choices among citizens. | | Synergical Effects | The combined positive impacts of various measures that are greater than the sum of their individual effects, achieved through coherent integration of strategies. | | SUMP Preparation Coordinator | An individual or department responsible for overseeing and coordinating the entire process of developing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan. | | Steering Group | A committee that guides the SUMP process, typically composed of elected representatives, planners, and key stakeholders, responsible for making major decisions. | | Working Groups | Specialized teams formed to address specific aspects of urban mobility, such as pedestrian infrastructure, cycling, public transport, or freight, and to tackle cross-cutting issues. |