Vocabulario Unidad 1.pdf

# Vocabulary for personal information and professions This topic covers essential vocabulary for introducing oneself, including name, nationality, age, profession, and contact details. ## 1. Vocabulary for personal information and professions This section details key vocabulary for self-introduction, encompassing personal identifiers, origins, and professional roles. ### 1.1 Introducing yourself * **Name:** `el nombre` means "name." To ask for someone's name, you can use `¿cuál es tu nombre?` which translates to "What is your name?". You can state your name with `mi nombre es...` ("my name is...") or `me llaman…` ("they call me...") [1](#page=1). * **Surname:** `el apellido` refers to the surname [1](#page=1). * **Age:** `la edad` is the term for age. To inquire about someone's age, you ask `¿cuántos años tienes?` ("How old are you?"). To state your age, use the phrase `tengo... años` ("I am... years old") [1](#page=1). * **Origin/Nationality:** `la nacionalidad` means "nationality," and `el origen` means "origin." The question `¿de dónde eres?` asks "Where are you from?". You can also use the verb `venir de` (g, ie) which means "to come from." [1](#page=1). > **Tip:** Note the use of `soy I am` and `tengo... años` for stating your identity and age, respectively [1](#page=1). ### 1.2 Professions and occupations * **Profession:** `la profesión` is the word for profession. The question `¿a qué te dedicas?` or `¿en qué trabajas?` asks "What do you do?" or "What do you do for a living?". You can also use the phrase `trabajo de...` ("I work as a...") or `trabajo como...` [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). **List of professions:** * `cocinero/a` - chef [1](#page=1). * `diseñador/a de moda` - fashion designer [1](#page=1). * `profesor/a` - teacher [1](#page=1). * `periodista` - journalist [1](#page=1). * `traductor/a` - translator [1](#page=1). * `camarero/a` - waiter / waitress [1](#page=1). * `actor / actriz` - actor [2](#page=2). * `guionista` - scriptwriter [2](#page=2). * `director/a` - director [2](#page=2). * `ginecólogo/a` - gynaecologist [2](#page=2). * `juez/a` - judge [2](#page=2). * `bloguero/a` - blogger [2](#page=2). * `cirujano/a` - surgeon [2](#page=2). * `jefe/a` - boss [2](#page=2). * `ingeniero/a` - engineer [2](#page=2). * `lingüista` - linguist [2](#page=2). * `psicólogo/a` - psychologist [2](#page=2). * `arquitecto/a` - architect [2](#page=2). * `médico/a` - doctor [2](#page=2). * `enfermero/a` - nurse [2](#page=2). * `secretario/a` - secretary [2](#page=2). * `deportista` - athlete [2](#page=2). * `comercial` - sales representative [2](#page=2). * `chófer` - chauffeur [2](#page=2). * `policía` - police officer [2](#page=2). * `agente` - agent [2](#page=2). * `modelo` - model [2](#page=2). * `científico/a` - scientist [1](#page=1). ### 1.3 Contact details * **Telephone:** `el teléfono` refers to the telephone. The question `¿cuál es tu número de teléfono?` asks "What is your phone number?". You can also inquire `¿tienes móvil?` ("Do you have a mobile phone?") [1](#page=1). * **Email address:** `el correo electrónico` is the term for email address. The question `¿tienes correo electrónico?` asks "Do you have an email address?". `Correo` can also simply mean "email" [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * **Address:** `la dirección` means "address." [2](#page=2). ### 1.4 Nationalities and origins * **General:** Many nationalities are formed by adding suffixes to country names or are derived from them. * **Examples:** * `brasileño/a` - Brazilian [1](#page=1). * `marroquí` - Moroccan [1](#page=1). * `argentino/a` - Argentinian [1](#page=1). * `francés/esa` - French [1](#page=1). * `inglés/esa` - English [1](#page=1). * `canadiense` - Canadian [1](#page=1). * `costarricense` - Costa Rican [1](#page=1). * `colombiano/a` - Colombian [2](#page=2). * `belga` - Belgian [2](#page=2). * `nicaragüense` - Nicaraguan [2](#page=2). * `suizo/a` - Swiss [2](#page=2). * `cubano/a` - Cuban [2](#page=2). * `venezolano/a` - Venezuelan [2](#page=2). * `italiano/a` - Italian [2](#page=2). * `portugués/esa` - Portuguese [2](#page=2). * `estadounidense` - American [2](#page=2). ### 1.5 Places associated with professions * `la universidad` - university [1](#page=1). * `el taller` - workshop [1](#page=1). * `la escuela` - school [1](#page=1). * `el restaurante` - restaurant [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * `el canal de televisión` - television channel [1](#page=1). * `el cine` - cinema [1](#page=1). * `el laboratorio` - laboratory [1](#page=1). * `el hospital` - hospital [2](#page=2). * `el periódico` - newspaper [2](#page=2). * `el bar` - bar [2](#page=2). * `el banco` - bank [2](#page=2). * `la empresa de transportes` - transport company [2](#page=2). * `la empresa de telecomunicaciones` - telecommunications company [2](#page=2). * `el despacho de abogados` - lawyers' office [2](#page=2). * `el despacho de arquitectura` - architects' office [2](#page=2). * `la agencia de viajes` - travel agency [2](#page=2). * `la agencia de publicidad` - advertising agency [2](#page=2). * `la tienda` - shop [2](#page=2). * `el supermercado` - supermarket [2](#page=2). * `el gimnasio` - gym [2](#page=2). --- # Introduction to common nouns and places This section introduces essential vocabulary for describing everyday surroundings, objects, and concepts, enabling basic communication about personal information and locations [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). ### 2.1 Vocabulary for people and professions This subsection covers terms related to nationalities, professions, and ways to identify individuals [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). #### 2.1.1 Nationalities and origins * **Nationalities:** Terms are provided for various nationalities, including: * Brazilian (brasileño/a) [1](#page=1). * German (alemán/ana) [1](#page=1). * Moroccan (marroquí) [1](#page=1). * Argentinian (argentino/a) [1](#page=1). * French (francés/esa) [1](#page=1). * English (inglés/esa) [1](#page=1). * Canadian (canadiense) [1](#page=1). * Costa Rican (costarricense) [1](#page=1). * Colombian (colombiano/a) [2](#page=2). * Belgian (belga) [2](#page=2). * Nicaraguan (nicaragüense) [2](#page=2). * Swiss (suizo/a) [2](#page=2). * Cuban (cubano/a) [2](#page=2). * Venezuelan (venezolano/a) [2](#page=2). * Italian (italiano/a) [2](#page=2). * Portuguese (portugués/esa) [2](#page=2). * American (estadounidense) [2](#page=2). * **Origin:** Questions like "Where are you from?" (¿de dónde eres?) are introduced [1](#page=1). * **Identifying people:** Common terms for identifying individuals include: * Mr / Mrs (señor/a) [1](#page=1). * Friend (amigo/a) [1](#page=1). * "It's me" (soy yo) [1](#page=1). * "They call me..." (me llaman…) [1](#page=1). #### 2.1.2 Professions A variety of professions are listed, enabling communication about what people do for a living [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * Chef (cocinero/a) [1](#page=1). * Fashion designer (diseñador/a de moda) [1](#page=1). * Teacher (profesor/a) [1](#page=1). * Journalist (periodista) [1](#page=1). * Translator (traductor/a) [1](#page=1). * Waiter / Waitress (camarero/a) [1](#page=1). * Scientist (científico/a) [1](#page=1). * Gynaecologist (ginecólogo/a) [2](#page=2). * Judge (juez/a) [2](#page=2). * Blogger (bloguero/a) [2](#page=2). * Surgeon (cirujano/a) [2](#page=2). * Boss (jefe/a) [2](#page=2). * Engineer (ingeniero/a) [2](#page=2). * Linguist (lingüista) [2](#page=2). * Psychologist (psicólogo/a) [2](#page=2). * Architect (arquitecto/a) [2](#page=2). * Doctor (médico/a) [2](#page=2). * Nurse (enfermero/a) [2](#page=2). * Secretary (secretario/a) [2](#page=2). * Athlete (deportista) [2](#page=2). * Sales representative (comercial) [2](#page=2). * Chauffeur (chófer) [2](#page=2). * Police officer (policía) [2](#page=2). * Agent (agente) [2](#page=2). * Model (modelo) [2](#page=2). * Actor / Actress (actor / actriz) [2](#page=2). * Scriptwriter (guionista) [2](#page=2). * Director (director/a) [2](#page=2). * Graphic designer (diseñador/a gráfico/a) [2](#page=2). #### 2.1.3 Personal information questions The section introduces key questions for gathering personal details [1](#page=1). * What is your name? (¿cuál es tu nombre?) [1](#page=1). * What is your surname? (el apellido) [1](#page=1). * How old are you? (¿cuántos años tienes?) [1](#page=1). * I am... years old (tengo... años) [1](#page=1). * What do you do? / What do you do for a living? (¿a qué te dedicas? / ¿en qué trabajas?) [1](#page=1). * I work as a... (trabajo como... / trabajo de...) [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * What is your phone number? (¿cuál es tu número de teléfono?) [1](#page=1). * Do you have a mobile phone? (¿tienes móvil?) [1](#page=1). * Do you have an email address? (¿tienes correo electrónico?) [1](#page=1). ### 2.2 Vocabulary for places and locations This subsection provides vocabulary for common places and geographical terms [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). #### 2.2.1 General places * University (la universidad) [1](#page=1). * Workshop (el taller) [1](#page=1). * School (la escuela) [1](#page=1). * Restaurant (el restaurante) [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * Cinema (el cine) [1](#page=1). * Airport (el aeropuerto) [1](#page=1). * Museum (el museo) [1](#page=1). * Hotel (el hotel) [1](#page=1). * House (la casa) [2](#page=2). * Gym (el gimnasio) [2](#page=2). * Hospital (el hospital) [2](#page=2). * Bar (el bar) [2](#page=2). * Bank (el banco) [2](#page=2). * Shop (la tienda) [2](#page=2). * Supermarket (el supermercado) [2](#page=2). #### 2.2.2 Specific locations and infrastructure * Television channel (el canal de televisión) [1](#page=1). * Street (la calle) [1](#page=1). * Metro (el metro) [1](#page=1). * Transport company (la empresa de transportes) [2](#page=2). * Telecommunications company (la empresa de telecomunicaciones) [2](#page=2). * Lawyers' office (el despacho de abogados) [2](#page=2). * Architects' office (el despacho de arquitectura) [2](#page=2). * Travel agency (la agencia de viajes) [2](#page=2). * Advertising agency (la agencia de publicidad) [2](#page=2). #### 2.2.3 Geographical and descriptive terms * International (internacional) [1](#page=1). * Art (el arte) [1](#page=1). * Almond tree (el almendro) [1](#page=1). * Sun (el sol) [1](#page=1). * The word "del" is used for "of the" before masculine singular nouns starting with a vowel or h, and also for "of" in general [1](#page=1). * Locations mentioned: Canada (Canadá) Malaga (Málaga) Spain (España) Chile (Chile) Berlin (Berlín) Paris (París) [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). ### 2.3 General vocabulary for everyday concepts This subsection covers a range of common nouns used in daily life [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * Name (el nombre) [1](#page=1). * Nationality (la nacionalidad) [1](#page=1). * Profession (la profesión) [1](#page=1). * Age (la edad) [1](#page=1). * Place (el lugar) [1](#page=1). * Origin (el origen) [1](#page=1). * Number (el número) [1](#page=1). * With (con) [1](#page=1). * Of (de) [1](#page=1). * Ideal (ideal) [1](#page=1). * Skiing (el esquí) [1](#page=1). * Snowboarding (el snowboard) [1](#page=1). * Bathrooms (los baños) [1](#page=1). * Taxi (el taxi) [1](#page=1). * Architecture (la arquitectura) [1](#page=1). * Accent (el acento) [1](#page=1). * Love (el amor) [2](#page=2). * Family (la familia) [2](#page=2). * Social media (las redes sociales) [2](#page=2). * Word (la palabra) [2](#page=2). * Expression (la expresión) [2](#page=2). * Holidays (las vacaciones) [2](#page=2). * Clothes (la ropa) [2](#page=2). * Book (el libro) [2](#page=2). * Address (la dirección) [2](#page=2). * Email (correo) [2](#page=2). * Yoga (el yoga) [2](#page=2). * Zumba (la zumba) [2](#page=2). * Tango (el tango) [2](#page=2). * Sushi (el sushi) [2](#page=2). * Pizza (la pizza) [2](#page=2). * Flamenco (el flamenco) [2](#page=2). * Balalaika (la balalaica) [2](#page=2). * Croissant (el cruasán) [2](#page=2). * Bossa nova (la bossa nova) [2](#page=2). > **Tip:** Pay close attention to the gender of nouns (masculine/feminine) as this affects accompanying articles and adjectives in Spanish. For example, "el restaurante" (masculine) versus "la escuela" (feminine) [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). > **Example:** When asking about someone's profession, you can use the question "¿a qué te dedicas?" (What do you dedicate yourself to?) or "¿en qué trabajas?" (What do you work in?). The answer might be "Soy estudiante" (I am a student) or "Trabajo como camarero" (I work as a waiter) [1](#page=1). --- # Greetings and basic conversational phrases This section introduces fundamental phrases for greetings, asking and answering simple personal questions, and identifying oneself and others. ### 3.1 Introducing oneself and others When introducing yourself or others, you can state your name using "mi nombre es..." [ ](#page=1) or "me llaman..." [ ](#page=1). You can also state how old you are with "tengo... años" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). ### 3.2 Asking basic personal information Several questions are provided for inquiring about personal details: * "¿cuál es tu nombre?" asks for someone's name [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¿cuál es tu número de teléfono?" inquires about a phone number [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¿tienes móvil?" asks if someone has a mobile phone [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¿tienes correo electrónico?" asks if someone has an email address [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¿cuántos años tienes?" asks about a person's age [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¿de dónde eres?" asks about someone's origin or where they are from [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¿a qué te dedicas?" or "¿en qué trabajas?" are used to ask about someone's profession or what they do for a living [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). ### 3.3 Basic conversational phrases and greetings This section provides essential phrases for initial interactions: * "soy yo" translates to "It's me" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "bienvenidos/as" means "welcome" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¡hombre!" can be used as a casual greeting, similar to "well, hi!" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "¿cómo andas?" is a way to ask "how are you doing?" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "mi amor" is a term of endearment, meaning "my love" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "amigo/a" means "friend" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * "también" means "too" or "also" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). ### 3.4 Verbs for basic conversation Key verbs for these conversations include: * `tener` (irregular, stem-changing `ie`) meaning "to have" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * `venir de` (irregular, stem-changing `ie`) meaning "to come from" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * `preguntar` meaning "to ask" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * `ser` (irregular "soy") meaning "to be" (used for identity and origin) [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * `significar` meaning "to mean" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). ### 3.5 Vocabulary for professions and nationalities A selection of common professions and nationalities is provided: * **Professions:** `cocinero/a` (chef), `profesor/a` (teacher), `periodista` (journalist), `traductor/a` (translator), `camarero/a` (waiter/waitress) [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * **Nationalities:** `brasileño/a` (Brazilian), `alemán/ana` (German), `marroquí` (Moroccan), `argentino/a` (Argentinian), `francés/esa` (French), `inglés/esa` (English), `canadiense` (Canadian), `costarricense` (Costa Rican) [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). ### 3.6 Vocabulary for places and concepts Relevant vocabulary for places and concepts includes: * **Places:** `universidad` (university), `taller` (workshop), `escuela` (school), `restaurante` (restaurant), `canal de televisión` (television channel), `laboratorio` (laboratory), `cine` (cinema), `aeropuerto` (airport), `museo` (museum), `taxi`, `calle` (street), `almendro` (almond tree), `metro` [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * **Concepts:** `arquitectura` (architecture), `diseñador/a de moda` (fashion designer), `nacionalidad` (nationality), `profesión` (profession), `edad` (age), `apellido` (surname), `correo electrónico` (email address), `teléfono` (telephone), `lugar` (place), `origen` (origin), `número` (number), `acento` (accent), `trabajo de...` (I work as a...) [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * **General words:** `estudiante` (student), `con` (with), `de` (of), `el` (the), `la` (the), `los` (the), `las` (the) [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). ### 3.7 Pronouns for address The document introduces different pronouns for "you": * `vos` is used for informal singular "you" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). * `usted` is used for formal singular "you" [ ](#page=1) [1](#page=1). --- # International vocabulary and cultural elements This section focuses on words and terms of international origin or those related to specific cultural elements, such as food and music. ### 4.1 Vocabulary of international origin The document lists several terms of international origin, often related to cultural practices and art forms. These include: * **Food:** * `el sushi` (sushi) [2](#page=2). * `la pizza` (pizza) [2](#page=2). * `el cruasán` (croissant) [2](#page=2). * **Music and Dance:** * `el tango` (tango) [2](#page=2). * `el flamenco` (flamenco) [2](#page=2). * `la balalaica` (balalaika) [2](#page=2). * `la bossa nova` (bossa nova) [2](#page=2). ### 4.2 Cultural elements and their associated vocabulary This section also touches upon vocabulary related to specific cultural aspects, even if the words themselves are not of international origin but represent cultural items or concepts. * **Social Media:** `las redes sociales` (social media) [2](#page=2). * **Professions/Roles:** * `actor / actriz` (actor) [2](#page=2). * `guionista` (scriptwriter) [2](#page=2). * `director/a` (director) [2](#page=2). * `diseñador/a gráfico/a` (graphic designer) [2](#page=2). * `lingüista` (linguist) [2](#page=2). * `psicólogo/a` (psychologist) [2](#page=2). * `arquitecto/a` (architect) [2](#page=2). * `enfermero/a` (nurse) [2](#page=2). * `secretario/a` (secretary) [2](#page=2). * `deportista` (athlete) [2](#page=2). * `comercial` (sales representative) [2](#page=2). * `chófer` (chauffeur) [2](#page=2). * `policía` (police officer) [2](#page=2). * `agente` (agent) [2](#page=2). * `modelo` (model) [2](#page=2). * **Activities and Places:** * `el yoga` (yoga) [2](#page=2). * `la zumba` (zumba) [2](#page=2). * `el gimnasio` (gym) [2](#page=2). * `el hospital` (hospital) [2](#page=2). * `el bar` (bar) [2](#page=2). * `el banco` (bank) [2](#page=2). * `el periódico` (newspaper) [2](#page=2). * `la tienda` (shop) [2](#page=2). * `el supermercado` (supermarket) [2](#page=2). * **Nationalities and Origins:** * `colombiano/a` (Colombian) [2](#page=2). * `español/a` (Spanish) [2](#page=2). * `chileno/a` (Chilean) [2](#page=2). * `belga` (Belgian) [2](#page=2). * `nicaragüense` (Nicaraguan) [2](#page=2). * `suizo/a` (Swiss) [2](#page=2). * `cubano/a` (Cuban) [2](#page=2). * `venezolano/a` (Venezuelan) [2](#page=2). * `italiano/a` (Italian) [2](#page=2). * `portugués/esa` (Portuguese) [2](#page=2). * `estadounidense` (American) [2](#page=2). * **Businesses and Offices:** * `la empresa de transportes` (transport company) [2](#page=2). * `la empresa de telecomunicaciones` (telecommunications company) [2](#page=2). * `el despacho de abogados` (lawyers' office) [2](#page=2). * `el despacho de arquitectura` (architects' office) [2](#page=2). * `la agencia de viajes` (travel agency) [2](#page=2). * `la agencia de publicidad` (advertising agency) [2](#page=2). ### 4.3 General vocabulary and expressions The document also includes general vocabulary and expressions that might be encountered in various contexts. * **Basic Concepts:** * `la palabra` (word) [2](#page=2). * `la expresión` (expression) [2](#page=2). * `el amor` (love) [2](#page=2). * `la casa` (house) [2](#page=2). * `la familia` (family) [2](#page=2). * `las vacaciones` (holidays) [2](#page=2). * `la ropa` (clothes) [2](#page=2). * `el libro` (book) [2](#page=2). * `la dirección` (address) [2](#page=2). * **Communicative Phrases:** * `trabajo como...` (I work as...) [2](#page=2). * **Pronoun Usage:** * `vosotros/as` (you - plural, informal) [2](#page=2). --- ## Common mistakes to avoid - Review all topics thoroughly before exams - Pay attention to formulas and key definitions - Practice with examples provided in each section - Don't memorize without understanding the underlying concepts

| Term | Definition | |------|------------| | Nationality | The status of belonging to a particular nation or country. | | Profession | A paid occupation, especially one that involves prolonged training and a formal qualification. | | University | An institution of higher education and research which grants academic degrees in various subjects. | | Surname | The name that a person has in addition to their Christian name, or first name; a family name. | | Email address | A unique address for sending and receiving electronic mail, typically in the format `username@domain.com`. | | Telephone | A system for transmitting voices over a distance by means of electricity, typically using wires or radio waves. | | To have (tener) | To possess, own, or hold something; used here in its irregular verb form. | | To ask (preguntar) | To put a question to someone, or to request something. | | Origin | The point or place where something begins, arises, or is derived. | | How old are you? (¿cuántos años tienes?) | A question used to inquire about a person's age. | | Where are you from? (¿de dónde eres?) | A question used to inquire about a person's place of origin or nationality. | | To come from (venir de) | To originate from a specific place or country; an irregular verb construction. | | Cinema (el cine) | A building or hall where films are shown to the public. | | Architecture (la arquitectura) | The art and science of designing and constructing buildings. | | Social media (las redes sociales) | Websites and applications that enable users to create and share content or to participate in social networking. | | Gynaecologist (ginecólogo/a) | A medical practitioner specializing in the female reproductive system. | | Athlete (deportista) | A person who is proficient in sports and other forms of physical exercise. |