Vocabulario Unidad 0.pdf

# Greetings and introductions in Spanish This section focuses on fundamental Spanish greetings, introductions, and essential phrases for classroom interaction, including how to ask and state one's name [1](#page=1). ### 1.1 Basic greetings Spanish offers a variety of greetings suitable for different times of the day and levels of formality [1](#page=1). * **General greetings:** * `hola` - hello [1](#page=1). * `¿qué tal?` - how are you [1](#page=1)? * `¿cómo estás?` - how are you? (informal) [1](#page=1). * **Time-specific greetings:** * `buenos días` - good morning [1](#page=1). * `buenas tardes` - good afternoon [1](#page=1). * `buenas noches` - goodnight [1](#page=1). ### 1.2 Introductions Introducing oneself and inquiring about another person's name are core conversational skills [1](#page=1). * **Stating your name:** * `me llamo [your name]` - my name is [your name [1](#page=1). * **Example:** `me llamo Anderson` - my name is Anderson [1](#page=1). * **Asking for someone's name:** * `¿cómo te llamas?` - what's your name? (informal) [1](#page=1). * `¿y tú?` - and you? (informal, used to reciprocate the question) [1](#page=1). ### 1.3 Classroom phrases These phrases are useful for participating in class and managing communication [1](#page=1). * **Asking for clarification or help:** * `¿cómo se dice...?` - how do you say... [1](#page=1)? * `¿qué significa...?` - what does... mean [1](#page=1)? * `¿cómo se pronuncia...?` - how do you pronounce... [1](#page=1)? * `¿cómo se escribe...?` - how do you spell... [1](#page=1)? * `más despacio, por favor` - slower, please [1](#page=1). * `repetir (i), por favor` - repeat, please [1](#page=1). * **Responding to instructions:** * `vale` - OK [1](#page=1). * **Expressing limitations:** * `lo siento` - I'm sorry [1](#page=1). * `no hablo japonés` - I don’t speak Japanese [1](#page=1). * **Polite requests:** * `gracias` - thank you [1](#page=1). * `por favor` - please [1](#page=1). ### 1.4 Farewells When leaving a conversation or class, specific farewells are used [1](#page=1). * `adiós` - goodbye [1](#page=1). * `hasta luego` - see you later [1](#page=1). * `hasta pronto` - see you soon [1](#page=1). * `chau` - bye [1](#page=1). --- # Spanish pronunciation and spelling This section introduces fundamental aspects of Spanish pronunciation and spelling, along with practical phrases for inquiring about these elements, focusing on the content provided [1](#page=1). ### 1.1 Basic vocabulary and phrases The document provides vocabulary related to greetings, introductions, and classroom objects, alongside phrases useful for language learning [1](#page=1). #### 1.1.1 Greetings and introductions Key phrases for initiating conversations include: * `hola` (hello) [1](#page=1). * `me llamo` (my name is) [1](#page=1). * `¿cómo te llamas?` (what’s your name?) [1](#page=1). * `y tú?` (and you?) [1](#page=1). * `¿cómo estás?` (how are you?) [1](#page=1). * `¿qué tal?` (how are you?) [1](#page=1). Time-specific greetings are also listed: * `buenos días` (good morning) [1](#page=1). * `buenas tardes` (good afternoon) [1](#page=1). * `buenas noches` (goodnight) [1](#page=1). Farewells include: * `hasta pronto` (see you soon) [1](#page=1). * `hasta luego` (see you later) [1](#page=1). * `chau` (bye) [1](#page=1). * `adiós` (goodbye) [1](#page=1). #### 1.1.2 Classroom objects A list of common classroom items is provided: * `la silla` (chair) [1](#page=1). * `el proyector` (projector) [1](#page=1). * `la papelera` (bin) [1](#page=1). * `la tableta` (tablet) [1](#page=1). * `el estuche` (pencil case) [1](#page=1). * `la mesa` (table) [1](#page=1). * `el libro` (book) [1](#page=1). * `el bolígrafo` (pen) [1](#page=1). * `el ordenador` (computer) [1](#page=1). * `el cuaderno` (exercise book) [1](#page=1). * `la pizarra` (blackboard) [1](#page=1). * `la hoja de papel` (sheet of paper) [1](#page=1). * `la mochila` (backpack) [1](#page=1). ### 1.2 Inquiring about spelling and pronunciation The document introduces essential phrases for learners to ask about how words are written and pronounced in Spanish [1](#page=1). #### 1.2.1 Asking how to spell a word The phrase to inquire about spelling is: * `¿cómo se escribe...?` (how do you spell...?) [1](#page=1). #### 1.2.2 Asking how to say a word To ask how to say something in Spanish: * `¿cómo se dice...?` (how do you say...?) [1](#page=1). #### 1.2.3 Asking for the meaning of a word To ask for the definition of a word: * `¿qué signifi ca...?` (what does... mean?) [1](#page=1). #### 1.2.4 Asking about pronunciation To inquire about pronunciation: * `¿cómo se pronuncia...?` (how do you pronounce...?) [1](#page=1). > **Tip:** Mastering these phrases is crucial for effective language acquisition, allowing you to clarify any uncertainties about vocabulary. #### 1.2.5 Additional useful phrases for learning The document also includes phrases for requesting slower speech or repetition: * `más despacio` (slower) [1](#page=1). * `repetir (i)` (to repeat) [1](#page=1). * `lo siento` (I’m sorry) [1](#page=1). * `gracias` (thank you) [1](#page=1). ### 1.3 Place names for practice Several place names are listed, likely for practicing pronunciation and spelling of Spanish words [1](#page=1). * Buenos Aires [1](#page=1). * Cuba [1](#page=1). * Honduras [1](#page=1). * Kenia [1](#page=1). * España [1](#page=1). * Quito [1](#page=1). * Uruguay [1](#page=1). * Venezuela [1](#page=1). * Yalta [1](#page=1). * Zaragoza [1](#page=1). > **Example:** When encountering a new word, such as "España," a student could ask, `¿cómo se pronuncia España?` to practice its pronunciation and `¿cómo se escribe España?` to practice its spelling [1](#page=1). --- # Classroom vocabulary and objects This section introduces essential Spanish vocabulary for describing classroom objects and items, along with useful phrases for seeking clarification on word meanings and pronunciation. ### 3.1 Classroom objects This subsection provides a list of common objects found in a classroom, along with their Spanish equivalents. * la silla - chair [1](#page=1). * el proyector - projector [1](#page=1). * la papelera - bin [1](#page=1). * la tableta - tablet [1](#page=1). * el estuche - pencil case [1](#page=1). * la mesa - table [1](#page=1). * el libro - book [1](#page=1). * el bolígrafo - pen [1](#page=1). * el ordenador - computer [1](#page=1). * el cuaderno - exercise book [1](#page=1). * la pizarra - blackboard [1](#page=1). * la hoja de papel - sheet of paper [1](#page=1). * la mochila - backpack [1](#page=1). * la ventana - window [1](#page=1). ### 3.2 Asking about word meanings and pronunciation This subsection details key phrases used to inquire about the meaning or spelling of Spanish words, as well as how to ask for repetition or slower speech. * ¿cómo se dice...? - how do you say... [1](#page=1)? * ¿qué significa...? - what does... mean [1](#page=1)? * ¿cómo se pronuncia...? - how do you pronounce... [1](#page=1)? * ¿cómo se escribe...? - how do you spell... [1](#page=1)? * **Tip:** These phrases are crucial for active participation and understanding in a Spanish-speaking classroom environment. ### 3.3 Useful classroom phrases This subsection includes additional helpful phrases for classroom interactions. * puedes hablar más alto, por favor - can you speak louder, please [1](#page=1). * puedes hablar más despacio, por favor - can you speak slower, please [1](#page=1). * ¿puedes repetir, por favor? - can you repeat, please [1](#page=1)? * lo siento, no hablo japonés - I'm sorry, I don't speak Japanese [1](#page=1). * gracias - thank you [1](#page=1). --- # Common Spanish phrases and expressions This section covers essential Spanish vocabulary and phrases for classroom interaction and basic communication, including greetings, farewells, and requests for clarification [1](#page=1). ### 4.1 Greetings and farewells Spanish offers various ways to greet people and say goodbye, depending on the time of day and formality. #### 4.1.1 Greetings * **Hola** means "hello" [1](#page=1). * **Buenos días** is used for "good morning" [1](#page=1). * **Buenas tardes** is used for "good afternoon" [1](#page=1). * **Buenas noches** is used for "goodnight" [1](#page=1). * **¿Cómo estás?** translates to "how are you?" [1](#page=1). * **¿Qué tal?** is another common way to ask "how are you?" [1](#page=1). #### 4.1.2 Introductions * **Me llamo [name]** means "my name is [name]" [1](#page=1). * **¿Cómo te llamas?** means "what's your name?" [1](#page=1). * **Y tú?** means "and you?" when asking a male, or **Y tú?** for a female [1](#page=1). #### 4.1.3 Farewells * **Adiós** means "goodbye" [1](#page=1). * **Hasta luego** means "see you later" [1](#page=1). * **Hasta pronto** means "see you soon" [1](#page=1). * **Chau** is an informal "bye" [1](#page=1). ### 4.2 Classroom interaction phrases These phrases are crucial for effective communication and participation in a Spanish learning environment. #### 4.2.1 Requests for clarification and assistance * **¿Cómo se dice...?** means "how do you say...?" [1](#page=1). * **¿Qué significa...?** means "what does... mean?" [1](#page=1). * **¿Cómo se pronuncia...?** means "how do you pronounce...?" [1](#page=1). * **¿Cómo se escribe...?** means "how do you spell...?" [1](#page=1). * **Puedes hablar más alto, por favor** means "can you speak louder, please" [1](#page=1). * **Puedes hablar más despacio, por favor** means "can you speak slower, please" [1](#page=1). * **¿Puedes repetir, por favor?** means "can you repeat, please?" [1](#page=1). #### 4.2.2 Expressions of apology and gratitude * **Lo siento** means "I'm sorry" [1](#page=1). * **Gracias** means "thank you" [1](#page=1). #### 4.2.3 Other useful classroom phrases * **Vale** means "OK" [1](#page=1). * **Sí** can mean "yes" or "if" depending on context [1](#page=1). * **Yo** means "I" [1](#page=1). * **No hablo japonés** means "I don't speak Japanese" [1](#page=1). ### 4.3 Vocabulary for classroom objects Familiarity with classroom object names enhances understanding and participation. * **la silla** - chair [1](#page=1). * **el proyector** - projector [1](#page=1). * **la papelera** - bin [1](#page=1). * **la tableta** - tablet [1](#page=1). * **el estuche** - pencil case [1](#page=1). * **la mesa** - table [1](#page=1). * **el libro** - book [1](#page=1). * **el bolígrafo** - pen [1](#page=1). * **el ordenador** - computer [1](#page=1). * **el cuaderno** - exercise book [1](#page=1). * **la pizarra** - blackboard [1](#page=1). * **la hoja de papel** - sheet of paper [1](#page=1). * **la mochila** - backpack [1](#page=1). ### 4.4 Miscellaneous common words This category includes a variety of useful terms for general conversation. * **hola** - hello [1](#page=1). * **me llamo** - my name is [1](#page=1). * **y** - and [1](#page=1). * **tú** - you (informal) [1](#page=1). * **el español** - Spanish (language) [1](#page=1). * **otro/a** - other [1](#page=1). * **la lengua** - language [1](#page=1). * **la ventana** - window [1](#page=1). * **la tarde** - afternoon [1](#page=1). * **que** - that [1](#page=1). * **este/a** - this/that [1](#page=1). * **en** - in/on [1](#page=1). * **esto** - this [1](#page=1). * **la página** - page [1](#page=1). * **la actividad** - activity [1](#page=1). * **la playa** - beach [1](#page=1). --- ## Common mistakes to avoid - Review all topics thoroughly before exams - Pay attention to formulas and key definitions - Practice with examples provided in each section - Don't memorize without understanding the underlying concepts

| Term | Definition | |------|------------| | Hola | An informal greeting in Spanish, equivalent to "hello" in English, used for initiating a conversation. | | Me llamo | A Spanish phrase used to introduce oneself, meaning "my name is" or "I am called." | | ¿Cómo te llamas? | A Spanish question used to ask someone their name, translating to "What is your name?" in English. | | Hablar | The Spanish verb meaning "to talk" or "to speak," referring to the act of vocal communication. | | La lengua | The Spanish word for "language," referring to a system of communication used by a particular community or country. | | El saludo | The Spanish term for "greeting," referring to an expression of welcome or recognition given to someone. | | ¿Cómo estás? | A common Spanish phrase used to ask someone about their well-being, translating to "How are you?" | | Buenas tardes | A Spanish greeting used in the afternoon, meaning "good afternoon." | | Buenos días | A Spanish greeting used in the morning, meaning "good morning." | | Buenas noches | A Spanish greeting used in the evening or before sleeping, meaning "goodnight." | | ¿Qué tal? | A very common and informal Spanish phrase used to ask "How are you?" or "What's up?". | | La despedida | The Spanish term for "farewell," referring to an act of parting or saying goodbye. | | Hasta pronto | A Spanish phrase meaning "see you soon," used as a casual farewell. | | Chau | An informal Spanish word for "bye," borrowed from Italian. | | Hasta luego | A Spanish phrase meaning "see you later," used as a common farewell. | | Adiós | The Spanish word for "goodbye," a more formal farewell than "chau" or "hasta luego." | | ¿Cómo se escribe? | A Spanish phrase used to ask "How do you spell...?", inquiring about the correct sequence of letters in a word. | | La silla | The Spanish word for "chair," a piece of furniture designed for one person to sit on. | | El proyector | The Spanish term for "projector," an optical device that projects an image onto a surface. | | La papelera | The Spanish word for "wastebasket" or "bin," a container for discarded items. | | La tableta | The Spanish term for "tablet," a portable personal computer. | | El estuche | The Spanish word for "pencil case," a container used to hold pens, pencils, and other stationery. | | La mesa | The Spanish word for "table," a piece of furniture with a flat top and legs. | | El libro | The Spanish word for "book," a written or printed work consisting of pages bound together. | | El bolígrafo | The Spanish term for "pen," a writing instrument that applies ink to paper. | | El ordenador | The Spanish term for "computer," an electronic device for storing and processing data. | | El cuaderno | The Spanish word for "notebook" or "exercise book," used for writing notes or exercises. | | La pizarra | The Spanish word for "blackboard" or "whiteboard," a surface for writing or drawing. | | La hoja de papel | The Spanish phrase for "sheet of paper," a thin flat material used for writing or printing. | | La mochila | The Spanish word for "backpack" or "rucksack," a bag carried on the back. | | ¿Cómo se dice...? | A Spanish phrase used to ask "How do you say...?", inquiring about the correct wording in Spanish. | | ¿Qué significa...? | A Spanish phrase used to ask "What does... mean?", inquiring about the meaning of a word or phrase. | | ¿Cómo se pronuncia...? | A Spanish phrase used to ask "How do you pronounce...?", inquiring about the correct pronunciation of a word. | | Vale | A Spanish interjection meaning "OK," "all right," or "fine," commonly used to express agreement. | | Puedes | The Spanish verb "puedes" means "you can" (informal singular form of poder). | | Más alto | The Spanish phrase meaning "louder," referring to increased volume. | | Por favor | The Spanish phrase for "please," used to make a polite request. | | Este/a | Spanish demonstrative adjectives meaning "this" or "that," used to point out something nearby or further away. | | La tarde | The Spanish word for "afternoon," the period of time between noon and evening. | | Estaba pensando | The Spanish phrase meaning "I was thinking," indicating a past continuous thought process. | | Que | A versatile Spanish conjunction that can mean "that," "which," or "who," used to connect clauses. | | Podríamos | The Spanish verb "podríamos" means "we could" (conditional form of poder). | | Ir a | The Spanish phrase "ir a" means "to go to," indicating movement towards a destination. | | El/la | Spanish definite articles meaning "the" (masculine and feminine singular forms). | | La playa | The Spanish word for "beach," a sandy or pebbly shore by the sea or a lake. | | Más despacio | The Spanish phrase meaning "slower," referring to a reduced pace or speed. | | Repetir | The Spanish verb meaning "to repeat," to say or do something again. | | En | A Spanish preposition that can mean "in," "on," or "at," indicating location or time. | | Lo siento | The Spanish phrase meaning "I'm sorry," used to express regret or apology. | | No hablo japonés | The Spanish phrase meaning "I don't speak Japanese." | | Gracias | The Spanish word for "thank you," used to express gratitude. | | Esto | The Spanish pronoun meaning "this" (neuter singular), referring to an unspecified thing or idea. | | La página | The Spanish word for "page," one side of a leaf in a book or document. | | La actividad | The Spanish word for "activity," an action or pursuit. |