Vocabulario Unidad 5. Inglés. (1).pdf

# Vocabulary related to personal descriptions and family This section provides vocabulary for describing physical characteristics, personality traits, and familial relationships. ### 1.1 Describing personality traits Vocabulary can be used to describe an individual's character and disposition [2](#page=2). * **General traits:** * sociable [1](#page=1). * open [1](#page=1). * shy [1](#page=1). * extroverted [1](#page=1). * adventurous [1](#page=1). * fun [1](#page=1). * talkative [1](#page=1). * normal [1](#page=1). * calm [2](#page=2). * romantic [2](#page=2). * passionate [2](#page=2). * sensible [2](#page=2). * quiet [2](#page=2). * reserved [2](#page=2). * serious [2](#page=2). * intelligent [2](#page=2). * cheerful [2](#page=2). * **Intensity of traits:** * bastante (quite) [1](#page=1). * un poco (a little) [1](#page=1). > **Tip:** Words describing personality traits often have gendered forms (e.g., `abierto/a`, `tímido/a`). Ensure you use the correct ending based on the person being described. ### 1.2 Describing physical appearance Physical features can be described using specific adjectives related to hair, build, and other characteristics [2](#page=2). * **Hair:** * rubio/a (fair-haired) [2](#page=2). * moreno/a (dark-haired) [2](#page=2). * castaño/a (chestnut-coloured) [2](#page=2). * pelo largo (long hair) [2](#page=2). * pelo corto (short hair) [2](#page=2). * pelo rizado (curly hair) [2](#page=2). * pelo liso (straight hair) [2](#page=2). * **Build and features:** * bajito/a (short) [2](#page=2). * delgado/a (thin) [2](#page=2). * gordo/a (fat) [2](#page=2). * calvo/a (bald) [2](#page=2). * bigote (moustache) [2](#page=2). * barba (beard) [2](#page=2). * ojo (eye) [2](#page=2). > **Example:** To describe someone with dark hair and short hair, you would use `moreno/a` and `pelo corto`. ### 1.3 Family relationships A variety of terms are used to denote family members and relationships [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * **Direct family:** * padre (father) [1](#page=1). * madre (mother) [1](#page=1). * hijo/a (son/daughter) [1](#page=1). * esposa (wife) [1](#page=1). * marido (husband) [1](#page=1). * **Extended family:** * abuelo/a (grandfather/grandmother) [1](#page=1). * nieto/a (grandson/granddaughter) [1](#page=1). * tío/a (uncle/aunt) [1](#page=1). * primo/a (cousin) [1](#page=1). * sobrino/a (nephew/niece) [1](#page=1). * **Marital status and family structure:** * casado/a (married) [1](#page=1). * soltero/a (single) [1](#page=1). * divorciado/a (divorced) [1](#page=1). * viudo/a (widower/widow) [1](#page=1). * hijo/a único/a (only child) [1](#page=1). * exmarido (ex-husband) [1](#page=1). * exmujer (ex-wife) [2](#page=2). * pareja (partner) [2](#page=2). * **Elderly individuals:** * señor/a mayor (elderly man/woman) [2](#page=2). > **Tip:** Many family terms are gender-specific and require appropriate endings. For example, `abuelo` for grandfather and `abuela` for grandmother. ### 1.4 Other descriptive terms Additional vocabulary can be used to provide further personal descriptions. * **General characteristics:** * músico/a (musician) [1](#page=1). * bailarín/ina (dancer) [2](#page=2). * compositor/a (composer) [2](#page=2). * informático/a (computer technician) [2](#page=2). * **Personality and behaviour:** * abierto/a (open) [1](#page=1). * tímido/a (shy) [1](#page=1). * divertido/a (fun) [1](#page=1). * hablador/a (talkative) [1](#page=1). * calmado/a (calm) [2](#page=2). * romántico/a (romantic) [2](#page=2). * apasionado/a (passionate) [2](#page=2). * sensible (sensible) [2](#page=2). * tranquilo/a (quiet) [2](#page=2). * inteligente (intelligent) [2](#page=2). * alegre (cheerful) [2](#page=2). * **Age-related descriptions:** * niño/a (boy/girl) [2](#page=2). * señor/a mayor (elderly man/woman) [2](#page=2). * **Relationships and association:** * familiar (family member) [2](#page=2). * invitado/a (guest) [2](#page=2). --- # Leisure activities and music preferences This topic explores vocabulary related to free time, hobbies, and various music genres, as well as actions associated with music appreciation. [ ] [1](#page=1). ### 2.1 Free time and hobbies The section on free time introduces vocabulary for describing personal preferences and activities. It includes adjectives to describe personality, such as "sociable" [ , "open" [ , and "shy" [ . The term "hobby" is translated as "la afición" [ . General time expressions like "at the start" (al principio) [ ] and "a little" (un poco) [ ] are also provided [1](#page=1). > **Tip:** Understanding personality adjectives is crucial for discussing hobbies and social interactions. #### 2.1.1 Describing personality * **Sociable:** Sociable [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Open:** abierto/a [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Shy:** tímido/a [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Extroverted:** extrovertido/a [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Adventurous:** aventurero/a [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Fun:** divertido/a [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Talkative:** hablador/a [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Normal:** normal [ ] [1](#page=1). #### 2.1.2 Hobbies and interests * **Hobby:** la afición [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Passion:** la pasión [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Photography:** la fotografía [ ] [1](#page=1). ### 2.2 Music preferences and genres A significant portion of this topic is dedicated to music, covering different genres and related vocabulary. Key terms include "music" itself, and specific genres like "Latin pop" (el pop latino) [ , "Reggaeton" (el reguetón) [ , "pop rock" (el pop-rock) [ , "electronic music" (la música electrónica) [ , "indie music" (la música independiente) [ , "classical music" (la música clásica) [ , and "jazz" [ . The term "soul music" is provided as "la música soul" [ . "Opera" is listed as "la ópera" [ ] [1](#page=1). > **Tip:** Note the use of "el" or "la" with music genres, indicating their grammatical gender. #### 2.2.1 Music genres * **Latin pop:** el pop latino [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Reggaeton:** el reguetón [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Pop rock:** el pop-rock [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Electronic music:** la música electrónica [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Indie music:** la música independiente [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Classical music:** la música clásica [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Jazz:** el jazz [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Soul music:** la música soul [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Opera:** la ópera [ ] [1](#page=1). #### 2.2.2 Music-related terms * **Artist:** artista [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Singer:** cantante [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Band/music group:** el grupo de música [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Record (vinyl):** el vinilo [ ] [1](#page=1). ### 2.3 Music activities This section focuses on verbs and nouns related to engaging with music. The act of "singing" is "cantar" [ , and "karaoke" is also provided as "el karaoke" [ . "Live music" is translated as "la música en vivo" [ . The phrase "I love..." is expressed as "me encanta" [ , with the verb "encantar" meaning "to love" [ . Similarly, "I like..." is "me gusta" [ , using the verb "gustar" meaning "to like" [ ] [1](#page=1). > **Example:** If someone enjoys attending concerts, they appreciate "música en vivo". If they enjoy singing in a group setting, they might participate in "karaoke". #### 2.3.1 Verbs and actions * **To sing:** cantar [ ] [1](#page=1). * **To love:** encantar [ ] [1](#page=1). * **To like:** gustar [ ] [1](#page=1). #### 2.3.2 Nouns for activities * **Karaoke:** el karaoke [ ] [1](#page=1). * **Live music:** la música en vivo [ ] [1](#page=1). ### 2.4 General vocabulary for preferences Beyond specific music genres, the topic covers general terms for expressing likes and dislikes. "Recently" is given as "últimamente" [ . The question "What type of...?" is "¿qué tipo de...?" [ . Expressions for liking and loving are "me gusta" [ ] and "me encanta" [ , respectively [1](#page=1). > **Tip:** Understanding how to express preferences using "gustar" and "encantar" is fundamental for conversational fluency. * **Recently:** últimamente [ ] [1](#page=1). * **What type of...?** ¿qué tipo de...? [ ] [1](#page=1). * **I like...:** me gusta [ ] [1](#page=1). * **I love...:** me encanta [ ] [1](#page=1). --- # Introducing oneself and making connections This section provides vocabulary and phrases for initiating introductions, inquiring about others, and expressing personal preferences in terms of likes and dislikes [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). ### 3.1 Introducing yourself #### 3.1.1 Personal description To introduce oneself, one can describe their personality using adjectives such as: * **Sociable** [1](#page=1). * **Open** (`abierto/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Shy** (`tímido/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Extroverted** (`extrovertido/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Adventurous** (`aventurero/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Fun** (`divertido/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Talkative** (`hablador/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Normal** [1](#page=1). * **Calm** (`calmado/a`) [2](#page=2). * **Romantic** (`romántico/a`) [2](#page=2). * **Passionate** (`apasionado/a`) [2](#page=2). * **Sensible** (`sensible`) [2](#page=2). * **Quiet** (`tranquilo/a`) [2](#page=2). * **Reserved** (`cerrado/a`) [2](#page=2). * **Serious** (`serio/a`) [2](#page=2). * **Intelligent** (`inteligente`) [2](#page=2). * **Cheerful** (`alegre`) [2](#page=2). Phrases can be used to express these qualities, for example, "I'm quite a shy person" (`Soy una persona bastante tímida`) [2](#page=2). #### 3.1.2 Expressing likes and dislikes Personal preferences can be expressed using the following verbs and phrases: * **I like...** (`Me gusta...`) [1](#page=1). * **I love...** (`Me encanta...`) [1](#page=1). * **To like** (`gustar`) [1](#page=1). * **To love** (`encantar`) [1](#page=1). These can be combined with various nouns to indicate specific interests, such as music genres or hobbies [1](#page=1). ### 3.2 Asking about others #### 3.2.1 Inquiring about relationships To inquire about family members, the following terms are useful: * **Father** (`el padre`) [1](#page=1). * **Mother** (`la madre`) [1](#page=1). * **Husband** (`el marido`) [1](#page=1). * **Wife** (`la mujer`) [1](#page=1). * **Grandfather/Grandmother** (`abuelo/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Grandson/Granddaughter** (`nieto/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Uncle/Aunt** (`tío/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Nephew/Niece** (`sobrino/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Cousin** (`primo/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Son/Daughter** (`hijo/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Only child** (`hijo/a único/a`) [1](#page=1). * **Partner** (`la pareja`) [2](#page=2). * **Ex-husband** (`el exmarido`) [1](#page=1). * **Ex-wife** (`la exmujer`) [2](#page=2). Questions can be formed to ask about siblings, such as "Do you have any brothers or sisters?" (`¿Tienes hermanos?`) [2](#page=2). #### 3.2.2 Inquiring about preferences and tastes To understand someone's preferences, one can ask about their music tastes or hobbies. * **Music taste** (`el gusto musical`) [2](#page=2). * **Hobby** (`la afición`) [1](#page=1). Phrases like "What type of...?" (`¿Qué tipo de...?`) can be used to explore specific interests. The question "What about you?" (`¿A ti también?`) is a simple way to reciprocate an inquiry [1](#page=1). #### 3.2.3 General introductions and getting to know someone When meeting new people, it is common to ask for their name and basic information. * **To know (a person/place)** (`conocer (zc)`) [2](#page=2). * **It seems to me...** (`Me parece...`) [2](#page=2). The phrase "Who is it?" (`¿Quién es?`) can be used to inquire about someone's identity in photos or from a distance [1](#page=1). ### 3.3 Expressing likes and dislikes #### 3.3.1 General preferences The verbs `gustar` (to like) and `encantar` (to love) are fundamental for expressing preferences. These verbs are used with the object pronoun that refers to the person who likes or loves something. For example, `Me gusta` means "I like" [1](#page=1). #### 3.3.2 Specific interests Preferences can be detailed by mentioning specific categories: * **Music genres**: Latin pop (`el pop latino`), Reggaeton (`el reguetón`), Pop rock (`el pop-rock`), Electronic music (`la música electrónica`), Indie music (`la música independiente`), Classical music (`la música clásica`), Jazz (`el jazz`), Soul music (`la música soul`), Opera (`la ópera`) [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). * **Hobbies**: Photography (`la fotografía`), Karaoke (`el karaoke`), Live music (`la música en vivo`) [1](#page=1) [2](#page=2). #### 3.3.3 Music tastes and personality Music listening habits can be linked to personality traits. For instance, the type of music one listens to might suggest if they are calm, romantic, passionate, sensible, or quiet [2](#page=2). #### 3.3.4 Describing people and making connections When introducing someone or describing them, one might mention their physical features or personality. * **Physical feature** (`el aspecto físico`) [2](#page=2). * **Personality** (`el carácter`) [2](#page=2). People can be described using adjectives related to their appearance, such as hair color and length (`rubio/a` - fair-haired, `pelo largo` - long hair, `pelo corto` - short hair, `moreno/a` - dark-haired, `pelo rizado` - curly hair, `pelo liso` - straight hair), height (`bajito/a` - short), and build (`delgado/a` - thin, `gordo/a` - fat). Descriptions can also include facial hair (`el bigote` - moustache, `la barba` - beard) or baldness (`calvo/a`) [2](#page=2). Making connections can involve finding common ground, such as shared music tastes or interests. The phrase "like me" (`como yo`) can be used to express similarity [2](#page=2). > **Tip:** When expressing likes and dislikes, remember that the verbs `gustar` and `encantar` function differently from typical verbs in English. The subject of the sentence is the thing being liked or loved, not the person doing the liking. For example, in `Me gusta la música`, "la música" is the subject, and `me` is the indirect object [1](#page=1). > **Example:** To say "I like books," you would say `Me gustan los libros`. The verb `gustar` agrees in number with the noun it refers to (`libros` is plural, so `gustan` is used). If you like a single item, like "I like this photo," you would say `Me gusta esta foto` [1](#page=1). --- ## Common mistakes to avoid - Review all topics thoroughly before exams - Pay attention to formulas and key definitions - Practice with examples provided in each section - Don't memorize without understanding the underlying concepts

| Term | Definition | |------|------------| | Sociable | Someone who enjoys being with other people and is friendly. | | Shy | Someone who is nervous or shy about meeting and talking to other people. | | Hobby | An activity done regularly in one's leisure time for pleasure. | | Pop latino | A genre of music that blends Latin rhythms with pop music elements. | | Reggaeton | A genre of music that originated in Puerto Rico, characterized by a distinctive hip-hop beat. | | Electronic music | Music produced using electronic instruments and technology, such as synthesizers and drum machines. | | Classical music | A broad term for music produced or rooted in the traditions of Western art music, from about the 11th century to the present day. | | Jazz | A music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, United States, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. | | Husband | The man to whom a woman is married. | | Grandfather / Grandmother | The father or mother of one's parent. | | Grandson / Granddaughter | The son or daughter of one's son or daughter. | | Uncle / Aunt | The brother or sister of one's parent. | | Widower / Widow | A man who has lost his spouse by death and has not remarried / A woman who has lost her spouse by death and has not remarried. | | Married | Having a spouse. | | Single | Not married. | | Divorced | Having formally dissolved one's marriage. | | Ex-husband | A former husband. | | Camping | A recreational activity of sleeping outdoors, typically in a tent. | | Photo | A photograph. | | Father | A male parent. | | Cousin | The child of one's uncle or aunt. | | Nephew / Niece | The son or daughter of one's sibling. | | Musician | An instrumental performer. | | Mother | A female parent. | | Son / Daughter | A male child / A female child. | | Album | A collection of recordings issued as a single item. | | Favourite | Preferred before all others. | | Mother tongue | The language born into; the first language learned. | | Passion | Strong and barely controllable emotion. | | Photography | The art, application and practice of creating durable images by recording light, either electronically by means of an image sensor, or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film. | | Portuguese | Relating to Portugal or its people or language. | | Mexican | Relating to Mexico or its people or language. | | To write | Mark (letters, words, or other symbols) on a surface, typically with a pen or pencil. | | Sea | The expanse of salt water that covers most of the earth's surface and around which land is distributed. | | To wait | Stay in one place or remain inactive or in readiness in expectation of something. | | Band / Music group | A small group of musicians playing pop, rock, or jazz music. | | Extroverted | An outgoing, sociable person. | | Adventurous | Willing to take risks or try out new methods, ideas, or experiences. | | Talkative | Fond of or given to talking. | | To believe | Accept that (something) is true, especially without proof. | | Physical feature | A distinctive attribute or aspect of someone's appearance. | | Personality | The combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character. | | Guest | A person who is invited to visit another's home or attend a party. | | Computer technician | A person who installs, maintains, and repairs computer hardware and software. | | To know (zc) | Have knowledge or information about someone or something. | | Calm | Not showing or feeling nervousness, anger, or other strong emotions. | | Romantic | Characterized by or showing the attitudes and feelings of a romantic. | | Passionate | Showing or caused by strong feelings or a passionate belief. | | Sensible | Having or showing good judgment. | | Quiet | Making little or no noise. | | Family member | A relative. | | Fair-haired | Having light-colored hair. | | Long hair | Hair that extends past the ears or shoulders. | | Short | Measuring a small distance from top to bottom or distance from end to end. | | Dark-haired | Having dark-colored hair. | | Curly hair | Hair that forms curls or waves. | | Short hair | Hair that is cut short. | | Chestnut-coloured | Having a reddish-brown color like a chestnut. | | Moustache | A strip of hair left to grow above the upper lip. | | Beard | A growth of hair on the chin and sides of the face. | | Thin | Of little width; not broad. | | Fat | Excessively overweight. | | Bald | Having no hair or losing one's hair. | | Reserved | Slow to reveal emotion or opinions. | | Serious | Demanding or characterized by careful consideration or application. | | Intelligent | Having or showing intelligence, especially of a high level. | | Cheerful | Noticeably happy and optimistic. | | Straight hair | Hair that does not curl or wave. | | Eye | The organ of sight. | | Ex-wife | A former wife. | | Partner | A person's spouse or established lover. | | Dancer | A person who dances, either professionally or for enjoyment. | | Composer | A person who writes music. | | Salsa | A Latin American dance music. | | Flamenco | A style of Spanish music and dance. | | Golf | A game played on a large, smooth area of ground, in which players use clubs to hit a ball into a series of holes. | | Tea | A hot drink made by infusing the dried crushed leaves of the tea plant in boiling water. | | Poem | A piece of writing in which the words are chosen for their beautiful sound and the rhythm they create. | | Violin | A stringed musical instrument of the violin family, played with a bow. | | The oldest | Highest in age. | | Music taste | A person's preference for certain types of music. | | Boy / Girl | A young male human being / A young female human being. | | Elderly man / woman | An old man / An old woman. |