vocab summary G10 Finals 1 Units 4&5.pdf

# Vocabulary unit 4 This section provides a curated list of vocabulary words for Grade 10, Unit 4, focusing on expanding English language proficiency by detailing their part of speech, synonyms, and antonyms [1](#page=1). ### 1.1 Vocabulary List and Definitions The following table details the vocabulary words introduced in Unit 4, including their grammatical function, words with similar meanings, and words with opposite meanings [1](#page=1). | Word | Part of speech | Synonyms | Antonyms | | :--------------- | :------------- | :-------------- | :------------- | | affiliated (with) | adj.-part. | associated | disassociated | | ascertain | verb | determine | guess | | attainment | noun | realization | failure | | bequeath | verb | bestow | - | | cogent | adj. | persuasive | unconvincing | | converge | verb | meet | diverge | | disperse | verb | scatter | gather | | esteem | verb/ noun | respect (v.) | disdain (v.) | | | | | contempt (n.) | | expunge | verb | delete | create | | finite | adj. | quantifiable | endless | | invulnerable | adj. | resistant | defenseless | | malevolent | adj. | malicious | benevolent | | nonchalant | adj. | indifferent | fretful | | omniscient | adj. | all-knowing | ignorant | | panacea | noun | easy solution | affliction | | scrupulous | adj. | meticulous | careless | | skulk | verb | lurk | speed | | supercilious | adj. | arrogant | humble | | uncanny | adj. | eerie | natural | | venial | adj. | forgivable | unforgivable | ### 1.2 Word Usage and Contextual Understanding To effectively master this vocabulary unit, it is crucial to understand not only the definitions but also the nuances of each word's usage [1](#page=1). * **Affiliated (with):** Denotes a connection or association with something or someone [1](#page=1). * **Ascertain:** To find out or learn with certainty [1](#page=1). * **Attainment:** The achievement of something desired, planned, or attempted [1](#page=1). * **Bequeath:** To pass on or leave something in a will [1](#page=1). * **Cogent:** Clear, logical, and convincing in argument or reasoning [1](#page=1). * **Converge:** To move toward or meet at a point or points [1](#page=1). * **Disperse:** To distribute or spread over a wide area [1](#page=1). * **Esteem:** To respect and admire; or, the respect and admiration felt for someone or something [1](#page=1). * **Expunge:** To erase or remove completely [1](#page=1). * **Finite:** Having limits or bounds; not infinite [1](#page=1). * **Invulnerable:** Impossible to harm or damage [1](#page=1). * **Malevolent:** Having or showing a wish to do evil to others [1](#page=1). * **Nonchalant:** Feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed; not displaying anxiety, interest, or enthusiasm [1](#page=1). * **Omniscient:** Knowing everything [1](#page=1). * **Panacea:** A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases [1](#page=1). * **Scrupulous:** Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; or, having strong moral principles [1](#page=1). * **Skulk:** To keep out of sight, typically with a view to spying or mischief or from cowardice [1](#page=1). * **Supercilious:** Behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others [1](#page=1). * **Uncanny:** Strange or mysterious, especially in an unsettling way [1](#page=1). * **Venial:** (of a fault or offense)|\*| able to be forgiven; venial sins are sins that do not involve serious wrongdoing [1](#page=1). > **Tip:** When learning new vocabulary, try to create your own sentences using each word to solidify your understanding of its context and meaning. This active recall method significantly aids memorization [1](#page=1). --- # Vocabulary unit 5 This section provides a detailed glossary of vocabulary words for Grade 10, Unit 5, including their part of speech, synonyms, and antonyms, designed to enhance word knowledge [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). ### 2.1 Vocabulary List Below is a comprehensive list of the vocabulary words from Unit 5, with their definitions (inferred from synonyms and antonyms), part of speech, synonyms, and antonyms [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **altruistic** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** selfless [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** self-centered [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Showing a disinterested and selfless concern for the well-being of others [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **assent** * **Part of speech:** Verb/Noun [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** consent [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** dissent [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** To express approval or agreement; the act of agreeing [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **benefactor** * **Part of speech:** Noun [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** sponsor [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** detractor [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** A person who gives money or other help to a person or cause [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **chivalrous** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** gallant [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** crude [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Courteous, gallant, and especially attentive to women; relating to the qualities of medieval knights [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **clemency** * **Part of speech:** Noun [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** leniency [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** harshness [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Mercy; leniency [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **dearth** * **Part of speech:** Noun [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** insufficiency [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** abundance [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** A scarcity or lack of something [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **diffident** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** timid [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** bold [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Modest or shy because of a lack of self-confidence [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **discrepancy** * **Part of speech:** Noun [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** disagreement [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** agreement [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts; a difference [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **embark** * **Part of speech:** Verb [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** start [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** - (no antonym provided) [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** To begin a course of action, especially a business venture [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **facile** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** effortless [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** labored [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Achieved with little effort; appearing neat and comprehensive only by ignoring the complexities involved [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **indomitable** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** invincible [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** submissive [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Incapable of being subdued or overcome; unconquerable [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **infallible** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** unerring [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** imperfect [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Incapable of making mistakes or being wrong [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **plod** * **Part of speech:** Verb [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** lumber [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** skip [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** To walk with heavy steps, in a slow, weary way [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **pungent** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** caustic [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** bland [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Having a sharp or strong taste or smell; sharp-smelling or tasting [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **remiss** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** negligent [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** scrupulous [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Lacking care or attention to duty; negligent [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **repose** * **Part of speech:** Verb/Noun [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** serenity [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** exertion [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** To be in a state of rest or tranquility; rest [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **temerity** * **Part of speech:** Noun [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** audacity [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** diffidence [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Excessive confidence or boldness; rashness [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **truculent** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** brutal [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** meek [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight; aggressive [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **unfeigned** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** genuine [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** insincere [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Not put on or pretend; sincere [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **virulent** * **Part of speech:** Adjective [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Synonyms:** venomous [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Antonyms:** innocuous [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). * **Meaning:** Extremely poisonous or venomous; physically severe or painful; (of a disease or poison) very harmful [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). > **Tip:** When studying vocabulary, try to create your own sentences using each word. This helps solidify your understanding and recall. Pay close attention to the subtle differences between synonyms and antonyms to grasp the full meaning of each word [ ](#page=2) [2](#page=2). --- ## Common mistakes to avoid - Review all topics thoroughly before exams - Pay attention to formulas and key definitions - Practice with examples provided in each section - Don't memorize without understanding the underlying concepts

| Term | Definition | |------|------------| | affiliated | To be officially connected or associated with a larger organization or group. | | ascertain | To find out something for certain; to make sure of something. | | attainment | The action or fact of achieving a goal; success or accomplishment. | | bequeath | To pass on or leave property or money to someone by means of a will. | | cogent | Clear, logical, and convincing; forceful and persuasive. | | converge | To come together from different directions, at a common point; to meet. | | disperse | To distribute or spread over a wide area; to scatter. | | esteem | To respect and admire deeply; to hold in high regard. | | expunge | To erase or remove completely, typically from a book or record. | | finite | Having limits or bounds; capable of being determined or measured. | | invulnerable | Impossible to harm or damage; completely protected. | | malevolent | Having or showing a wish to do evil to others; having ill will. | | nonchalant | Feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed; not displaying anxiety, interest, or enthusiasm. | | omniscient | Knowing everything; having complete spiritual knowledge and power. | | panacea | A solution or remedy for all difficulties or diseases; a cure-all. | | scrupulous | Diligent, thorough, and extremely attentive to details; having high moral standards. | | skulk | To keep out of sight, typically with a view to lurking or behaving secretively. | | supercilious | Behaving or looking as though one thinks one is superior to others; arrogant. | | uncanny | Strange or mysterious, especially in an unsettling way; beyond what is normal or expected. | | venial | Denoting a sin that is not regarded as destroying the relationship between God and a soul; forgivable. | | altruistic | Showing a selfless concern for the well-being of others; unselfish. | | assent | To express approval or agreement, typically officially. | | benefactor | A person who gives money or other help to a person or cause. | | chivalrous | Courteous and gallant, especially towards women; brave and honorable. | | clemency | Mercy; leniency shown towards an offender or in a situation. | | dearth | A scarcity or lack of something; an insufficient amount. | | diffident | Modest or shy because of a lack of self-confidence. | | discrepancy | A lack of compatibility or similarity between two or more facts; a difference. | | embark | To begin a course of action, especially one that is important or demanding. | | facile | Appearing neat and comprehensive only by ignoring the complexities; easily achieved; effortless. | | indomitable | Impossible to subdue or defeat; unconquerable. | | infallible | Never failing or making mistakes; incapable of error. | | plod | To walk with heavy steps, typically without energy or enthusiasm; to proceed slowly and laboriously. | | pungent | Having a sharp and strong taste or smell; sharply critical or sarcastic. | | remiss | Possessing or showing carelessness or negligence; lax in duty. | | repose | A state of rest, sleep, or tranquility; to rest or lie down. | | temerity | Excessive confidence or boldness; audacity. | | truculent | Eager or quick to argue, quarrel, or fight; aggressively defiant. | | unfeigned | Not expressed or felt; genuine and sincere. | | virulent | Extremely severe in its effects; intensely bitter or malicious. |